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Township and Village Enterprises
Township and Village Enterprises (TVEs, ) are market-oriented public enterprises under the purview of local governments based in townships and villages in the People's Republic of China.
==History==
The State Council of the People's Republic of China first officially used the term "TVE" in March, 1984.〔Huang, Yasheng. (2008). Capitalism with Chinese Characteristics. New York: Cambridge University Press〕
Previously "Commune and Brigade Enterprises" dating from the Great Leap Forward of 1958 to 1961 had served the rural areas. During that time TVEs had a limited role and were restricted to the production of iron, steel, cement, chemical fertilizer, hydroelectric power, and farm tools.〔Saich, Tony. (2001). Governance and Politics of China. New York: Palgrave.〕
Most TVEs, however, emerged during the Reform period in the 1980s (Huang, 2008). Though there were 12 million TVEs by 1985, there were only 1.5 million in 1978, at the start of the Reform period. As Huang summarizes: "Clearly, the vast majority of TVEs had nothing to do with the Great Leap Forward."
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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